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In December 1937, the Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking. Within weeks, more than 300,000 Chinese civilians were systematically raped, tortured, and murdered--a death toll exceeding that of the atomic blasts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. Using extensive interviews with survivors and newly discovered documents, Iris Chang has written what will surely be the definitive history of this horrifying episode. The Rape of Nanking tells the story from three perspectives: of the Japanese soldiers who performed it, of the Chinese civilians who endured it, and of a group of Europeans and Americans who refused to abandon the city and were able to create a safety zone that saved almost 300,000 Chinese. Among these was the Nazi John Rabe, an unlikely hero whom Chang calls the "Oskar Schindler of China" and who worked tirelessly to protect the innocent and publicize the horror. More than just narrating the details of an orgy of violence, The Rape of Nanking analyzes the militaristic culture that fostered in the Japanese soldiers a total disregard for human life. Finally, it tells the appalling story: about how the advent of the Cold War led to a concerted effort on the part of the West and even the Chinese to stifle open discussion of this atrocity. Indeed, Chang characterizes this conspiracy of silence, that persists to this day, as "a second rape."

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在一个眩晕的瞬间，我陡然明白生命和人类的经历本身都是如此脆弱。我们从小就知道死亡是什么。任何人都会被卡车或者巴士撞到，生命随之在刹那间消失。如果没有某种宗教荥阳，我们会认为这样的死亡是毫无意义也不公正的对生命的剥夺。但我们也知道，大多数人都尊重生命和死亡的过程。如果你被一辆巴士装撞了，也许有人会乘你受伤的时候偷走你的钱包，但更多的人会来帮你，抢救你宝贵的生命。有人会拨急救电话，有人会奔跑到街上叫当班的警察，还有人会脱下大衣，叠起来垫在你的脑后。这样，即使这是你生命的最后时刻，你也能从这些很小却很温暖的事情中感受到他人的关心。挂在普库提诺墙上的照片却展示了千千万万的生命会因他人的狂妄念头而遭到毁灭，而这种死亡在第二天就变得毫无意义。更重要的是，那些带来死亡的人竟还羞辱受难者，逼使他们在最大限度的痛苦和耻辱中死去。这样对死亡的残忍的不敬，这样人类社会过程的倒退，将只会缩成历史的一个脚注。除非有人迫使这个世界去记住它，否则它就像计算机程序中的一个无害的小错，也许会，又也许不会引起任何问题。想到这里，我感到一阵心悸。

回顾千年历史，使人清楚的是，没有一个种族或一种文化在战争的残酷性方便占有垄断权。文明的外衣看起来是太薄了——以致人们能够很容易就把它撕去，特别是在战争的压力下。

尽管中国俘虏的人数大大超过要杀死他们的日本人，而且有可能战胜他们，但却没有一个人行动，每个人都畏怯的顺从。可悲的是，在这个大坑周围的所有人当中，唐记得只有这位孕妇表现出一点点勇气。

我们应以慎重的天都看待南京的暴行——它阐明了人是多么容易被鼓励让十几岁的孩子泯灭天性，成为可怕的杀人机器。

只要罪恶离我们远得不足以对个人形成威胁，人性中一些扭曲的东西，社会会使得最令人难以言说的罪恶在瞬间变成平常琐事。

1948年3月，国民政府南京市长来到瑞士，购买了大量的奶粉、香肠、茶叶、咖啡、牛肉、黄油和果酱，用4个大包裏将这些食品寄给了拉贝。自1948年6月到1949年中国人民解放军进入南京，南京人民每月都给拉贝寄一包食品，以表达他们对拉贝在南京国际安全区所做的一切的衷心感谢之情。国民党政府还指出，如果拉贝愿意返回中国，将为他提供住房和终身养老金。

对拉贝及其家人来说，这些包裹仿佛从天而降。因为在那些包裹到达之前，拉贝一家采集野菜，煮成汤让孩子们吃，大人则凭着一点干面包维持生命，当拉贝给南京写信时，柏林的市场上连面包都没有了，这也使得那些包裹更加宝贵。拉贝一家对南京人民的支持十分感激，拉贝也在信中说，南京人民的这一举动使他恢复了对生命的信心。

“几乎所有残存的建筑都曾遭到焚毁，持续闷烧的断壁残垣冒着青烟，街道上渺无人迹，一派阴森恐怖的景象。唯一可见的活物便是野狗，它们以啃食大量的尸体为生，长得异常肥胖。这里原本人口稠密，曾经生活了大约10万人，但目前在整个松江镇，我只见到5位老人，他们躲在一座法国传教会的院子里，老泪纵横。”

“在中国人面前表现出色，从而赢得他们对日本的信任”。

该命令包含着一种残忍的逻辑。日军无法向战俘提供食物，所以必须将他们消灭。杀掉战俘不仅可以解决粮食问题，而且消除了报复的可能性。毕竟，死去的敌人无法组织游击队。

东史郎心中五味杂陈，他为中国士兵感到难过，这些人又饥又渴，饱受惊吓，不断地要水喝，并再三要求日本人保证不会杀掉他们。与此同时，他又对这些人的懦弱感到厌恶。当想到自己在先前的战斗中曾偷偷害怕过中国人时，东史郎突然感到很羞愧。他有一种自然的冲动，不由自主地贬抑这些囚犯作为人的属性，将他们比作昆虫和动物。

书籍介绍

In December 1937, the Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking. Within weeks, more than 300,000 Chinese civilians were systematically raped, tortured, and murdered--a death toll exceeding that of the atomic blasts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. Using extensive interviews with survivors and newly discovered documents, Iris Chang has written what will surely be the definitive history of this horrifying episode. The Rape of Nanking tells the story from three perspectives: of the Japanese soldiers who performed it, of the Chinese civilians who endured it, and of a group of Europeans and Americans who refused to abandon the city and were able to create a safety zone that saved almost 300,000 Chinese. Among these was the Nazi John Rabe, an unlikely hero whom Chang calls the "Oskar Schindler of China" and who worked tirelessly to protect the innocent and publicize the horror. More than just narrating the details of an orgy of violence, The Rape of Nanking analyzes the militaristic culture that fostered in the Japanese soldiers a total disregard for human life. Finally, it tells the appalling story: about how the advent of the Cold War led to a concerted effort on the part of the West and even the Chinese to stifle open discussion of this atrocity. Indeed, Chang characterizes this conspiracy of silence, that persists to this day, as "a second rape."